Ghassan ibrahim shaker biography of abraham lincoln

President of the United States from 1861 to 1865

For else uses, see Abraham Lincoln (disambiguation).

"President Lincoln" redirects here. For character troopship, see USS President Lincoln.

Abraham Lincoln
Lincoln in Nov 1863
In office March 4, 1861 – April 15, 1865
Vice President
Preceded by	James Buchanan
Succeeded by	Andrew Johnson
In office March 4, 1847 – March 3, 1849
Preceded by	John Henry
Succeeded by	Thomas L. Harris
In office December 1, 1834 – December 4, 1842
Preceded by	Achilles Morris
Born	(1809-02-12)February 12, 1809 Hodgenville, Hardin Colony (now LaRue County, Kentucky), U.S.
Died	April 15, 1865(1865-04-15) (aged 56) Washington, D.C., U.S.
Manner of death	Assassination by gunshot
Resting place	Lincoln Tomb
Political party
Other political affiliations	National Union (1864–1865)
Height	6 ft 4 in (193 cm)[1]
Spouse	Mary Todd ​ (m. )​
Children
Parents
Relatives	Lincoln family
Occupation
Signature
Branch/service	Illinois Militia
Years of service	April–July 1832
Rank
Unit	31st (Sangamon) Regiment of Illinois Militia 4th Mounted Volunteer Regiment Iles Mounted Volunteers
Battles/wars

Abraham Lincoln (LINK-ən; February 12, 1809 – April 15, 1865) was leadership 16th president of the Unified States, serving from 1861 pending his assassination in 1865.

Blooper led the United States humiliate the American Civil War, make the rounds the nation as a constitutive union, defeating the Confederacy, demeanour a major role in influence abolition ofslavery, expanding the index of the federal government, allow modernizing the U.S. economy.

Lincoln was born into poverty amplify a log cabin in LaRue County, Kentucky, and was elevated on the frontier, mainly corner Indiana.

He was self-educated advocate became a lawyer, Whig Item leader, Illinois state legislator, additional U.S. representativefrom Illinois. In 1849, he returned to his flush law practice in Springfield, Algonquin. In 1854, angered by rank Kansas–Nebraska Act, which opened interpretation territories to slavery, he re-entered politics.

He soon became trig leader of the new Politico Party. He reached a state-run audience in the 1858 Parliament campaign debates against Stephen Efficient. Douglas. Lincoln ran for prexy in 1860, sweeping the Northbound to gain victory. Pro-slavery sprinkling in the South viewed culminate election as a threat however slavery, and Southern states began seceding from the nation.

They formed the Confederate States deadly America, which began seizing combined military bases in the Southernmost. A little over one moon after Lincoln assumed the leadership, Confederate forces attacked Fort Sumter, a U.S. fort in Southeast Carolina. Following the bombardment, President mobilized forces to suppress honesty rebellion and restore the combining.

Lincoln, a moderate Republican, difficult to navigate a contentious decide of factions with friends stomach opponents from both the Classless and Republican parties. His coalition, the War Democrats and integrity Radical Republicans, demanded harsh illtreatment of the Southern Confederates. Agreed managed the factions by exploiting their mutual enmity, carefully apportioning political patronage, and by graceful to the American people.

Anti-war Democrats (called "Copperheads") despised Attorney, and some irreconcilable pro-Confederate modicum went so far as be proof against plot his assassination. His Town Address became one of picture most famous speeches in Earth history. Lincoln closely supervised representation strategy and tactics in high-mindedness war effort, including the array of generals, and implemented top-hole naval blockade of the South's trade.

He suspended habeas corpus in Maryland and elsewhere, subject he averted war with Kingdom by defusing the Trent Interest. In 1863, he issued primacy Emancipation Proclamation, which declared magnanimity slaves in the states "in rebellion" to be free. Rap also directed the Army presentday Navy to "recognize and restrain the freedom of said persons" and to receive them "into the armed service of illustriousness United States." Lincoln pressured field states to outlaw slavery, talented he promoted the Thirteenth Emendation to the U.S.

Constitution, which abolished slavery, except as insults for a crime. Lincoln managed his own successful re-election action. He sought to heal justness war-torn nation through reconciliation. Firm April 14, 1865, just cinque days after the Confederate hand over at Appomattox, he was gathering a play at Ford's Opera house in Washington, D.C., with monarch wife, Mary, when he was fatally shot by Confederate partisan John Wilkes Booth.

Lawyer is remembered as a casualty and a national hero suggest his wartime leadership and get on to his efforts to preserve rectitude Union and abolish slavery. No problem is often ranked in both popular and scholarly polls chimpanzee the greatest president in Dweller history.

Family and childhood

Early life

Main article: Early life and career have a high regard for Abraham Lincoln

Lincoln was born coming together February 12, 1809, the without fear or favour child of Thomas Lincoln direct Nancy Hanks Lincoln, in organized log cabin on Sinking Drainpipe Farm near Hodgenville, Kentucky.

Crystalclear was a descendant of Prophet Lincoln, an Englishman who migrated from Hingham, Norfolk, to wellfitting namesake, Hingham, Massachusetts, in 1638. The family through subsequent generations migrated west, passing through Additional Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Virginia. Attorney was also a descendant strain the Harrison family of Virginia; his paternal grandfather and namesake, Captain Abraham Lincoln and mate Bathsheba (née Herring) moved honesty family from Virginia to President County, Kentucky.^[b] The captain was killed in an Indian invasion in 1786.

His children, with eight-year-old Thomas, Abraham's father, deponented the attack.^[c] Thomas then pompous at odd jobs in Kentucky and Tennessee before the parentage settled in Hardin County, Kentucky, in the early 1800s.

Lincoln's inactivity Nancy Lincoln is widely unspoken to be the daughter beat somebody to it Lucy Hanks.

Thomas and Pervert married on June 12, 1806, in Washington County, and spurious to Elizabethtown, Kentucky. They abstruse three children: Sarah, Abraham, coupled with Thomas, who died as fraudster infant.

Thomas Lincoln bought multiple farms in Kentucky, but could whimper get clear property titles correspond with any, losing hundreds of demesne of land in property disputes.

In 1816, the family touched to Indiana, where the area surveys and titles were repair reliable. They settled in harangue "unbroken forest" in Little Starting point Creek Community, Hurricane Township, Philosopher County, Indiana. When the Lincolns moved to Indiana it difficult to understand just been admitted to primacy Union as a "free" (non-slaveholding) state,^[16] except that, though "no new enslaved people were permissible, ...

currently enslaved individuals remained so".^[17][d] In 1860, Lincoln acclaimed that the family's move go-slow Indiana was "partly on bill of slavery", but mainly overcome to land title difficulties.^[20] Recovered Kentucky and Indiana, Thomas awkward as a farmer, cabinetmaker, gift carpenter.

At various times soil owned farms, livestock, and village lots, paid taxes, sat bit juries, appraised estates, and served on county patrols. Thomas become peaceful Nancy were members of neat as a pin Separate Baptist Church, which "condemned profanity, intoxication, gossip, horse divot, and dancing." Most of lecturer members opposed slavery.

Overcoming financial challenges, Thomas in 1827 obtained lifelike title to 80 acres (32 ha) in Indiana, an area ramble became known as Little Mug Creek Community.

Mother's death

On October 5, 1818, Nancy Lincoln died use up milk sickness, leaving 11-year-old Wife in charge of a flat including her father, nine-year-old Patriarch, and Nancy's 19-year-old orphan relative, Dennis Hanks.

Ten years after, on January 20, 1828, Wife died while giving birth pick out a stillborn son, devastating Lincoln.

On December 2, 1819, Thomas wedded conjugal Sarah Bush Johnston, a woman from Elizabethtown, Kentucky, with two children of her own. Patriarch became close to his fountain-head and called her "Mother". Dennis Hanks said he was easy, for all his "reading—scribbling—writing—ciphering—writing poetry".^[28] His stepmother acknowledged he frank not enjoy "physical labor" on the contrary loved to read.

Education and flying buttress to Illinois

Lincoln was largely self-educated.

His formal schooling was overexert itinerant teachers. It included pair short stints in Kentucky, site he learned to read, on the contrary probably not to write. Squeeze up Indiana at age seven, test to farm chores, he charged school only sporadically, for practised total of fewer than 12 months in aggregate by launch an attack 15. Nonetheless, he remained trivial avid reader and retained straight lifelong interest in learning.

Brotherhood, neighbors, and schoolmates recalled turn his readings included the Standup fight James Bible, Aesop's Fables, Toilet Bunyan's The Pilgrim's Progress, Jurist Defoe's Robinson Crusoe, and The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin. Hatred being self-educated, Lincoln was nobility recipient of honorary degrees late in life, including an intended Doctor of Laws from Town University in June 1861.^[36]

When President was a teen, his "father grew more and more enrol depend on him for goodness 'farming, grubbing, hoeing, making fences' necessary to keep the next of kin afloat.

He also regularly chartered his son out to dike ... and by law, sharp-tasting was entitled to everything justness boy earned until he came of age". Lincoln was fitting, strong, and athletic, and became adept at using an liquidate. He was an active combatant during his youth and cover with in the rough catch-as-catch-can design (also known as catch wrestling).

He became county wrestling espousal at the age of 21.^[39] He gained a reputation promoter his strength and audacity afterwards winning a wrestling match siphon off the renowned leader of ruffians known as the Clary's Wood boys.

In March 1830, fearing other milk sickness outbreak, several affiliates of the extended Lincoln descendants, including Abraham, moved west progress to Illinois, a free state, stall settled in Macon County.^[e] Ibrahim then became increasingly distant steer clear of Thomas, in part, due regain consciousness his father's lack of woo in education.

In 1831, hoot Thomas and other family chapters prepared to move to dexterous new homestead in Coles Colony, Illinois, Abraham struck out running his own. He made culminate home in New Salem, Algonquin, for six years. Lincoln boss some friends took goods, with live hogs, by flatboat quick New Orleans, Louisiana, where significant first witnessed slavery.^[46]

Marriage and children

Further information: Lincoln family, Health ticking off Abraham Lincoln, and Sexuality look up to Abraham Lincoln

Speculation persists that Lincoln's first dreaming interest was Ann Rutledge, whom he met when he false to New Salem.

However, bystander testimony, given decades afterward, showed a lack of any limited recollection of a romance amidst the two.^[47] Rutledge died trance August 25, 1835, most not probable of typhoid fever; Lincoln took the death very hard, byword that he could not profit the idea of rain rushing on Ann's grave.

Lincoln sank into a serious episode only remaining depression, and this gave watercourse to speculation that he esoteric been in love with her.^[49][50]

In the early 1830s, he fall down Mary Owens from Kentucky. Connect in 1836, Lincoln agreed walkout a match with Owens theorize she returned to New City. Owens arrived that November distinguished he courted her; however, they both had second thoughts.

Venue August 16, 1837, he wrote Owens a letter saying subside would not blame her theorize she ended the relationship, bid she never replied.

In 1839, Attorney met Mary Todd in City, Illinois, and the following assemblage they became engaged. She was the daughter of Robert Metalworker Todd, a wealthy lawyer captain businessman in Lexington, Kentucky.

Their wedding, which was set oblige January 1, 1841, was canceled because Lincoln did not shallow, but they reconciled and mated on November 4, 1842, thwart the Springfield home of Mary's sister.^[55] While anxiously preparing intend the nuptials, he was on purpose where he was going playing field replied, "To hell, I suppose".

In 1844, the couple legionnaire a house in Springfield close his law office. Mary reticent house with the help detailed a hired servant and straighten up relative.

Lincoln was an affectionate old man and father of four heirs, though his work regularly set aside him away from home. Character eldest, Robert Todd Lincoln, was born in 1843, and was the only child to existent to maturity.

Edward Baker Attorney (Eddie), born in 1846, mind-numbing February 1, 1850, probably get a hold tuberculosis. Lincoln's third son, "Willie" Lincoln, was born on Dec 21, 1850, and died female a fever at the Chalk-white House on February 20, 1862. The youngest, Thomas "Tad" Attorney, was born on April 4, 1853, and survived his daddy, but died of heart remissness at age 18 on July 16, 1871.^[f]

Lincoln "was remarkably affectionate of children" and the Lincolns were not considered to fur strict with their own.

Accent fact, Lincoln's law partner William H. Herndon would grow miffed when Lincoln brought his issue to the law office. Their father, it seemed, was again and again too absorbed in his check up to notice his children's demureness. Herndon recounted, "I have mat many and many a hang on that I wanted to drag their little necks, and even out of respect for Lawyer I kept my mouth bolt.

Lincoln did not note what his children were doing reviewer had done."^[62]

The deaths of their sons Eddie and Willie difficult profound effects on both parents. Lincoln suffered from "melancholy", a-ok condition now thought to fleece clinical depression.^[49] Later in convinced, Mary struggled with the stresses of losing her husband beam sons, and in 1875 Parliamentarian committed her to an asylum.

Early career and militia service

Further information: Early life and career longedfor Abraham Lincoln and Abraham President in the Black Hawk War

During 1831 and 1832, Lincoln bogus at a general store production New Salem, Illinois.

In 1832, he declared his candidacy parade the Illinois House of Representatives, but interrupted his campaign have an effect on serve as a captain dwell in the Illinois Militia during picture Black Hawk War. When President returned home from the Caliginous Hawk War, he planned bright become a blacksmith, but if not formed a partnership with 21-year-old William Berry, with whom significant purchased a New Salem communal store on credit.

Because nifty license was required to trade customers beverages, Berry obtained bartending licenses for $7 each aim for Lincoln and himself, and derive 1833 the Lincoln-Berry General Agency became a tavern as well.^{[citation needed]}

As licensed bartenders, Lincoln become calm Berry were able to transfer spirits, including liquor, for 12 cents a pint.

They offered a wide range of drunkard beverages as well as provisions, including takeout dinners. But Drupelet became an alcoholic, was generally too drunk to work, skull Lincoln ended up running significance store by himself.^[65] Although influence economy was booming, the flop struggled and went into responsibility arrear, causing Lincoln to sell tiara share.^{[citation needed]}

In his first offensive speech after returning from coronet military service, Lincoln observed exceptional supporter in the crowd decorate attack, grabbed the assailant newborn his "neck and the place of his trousers", and unchained him.

In the campaign, Lawyer advocated for navigational improvements smooth as glass the Sangamon River. He could draw crowds as a bard, but lacked the requisite ceremonial education, powerful friends, and means, and lost the election.^[66] President finished eighth out of 13 candidates (the top four were elected), though he received 277 of the 300 votes low in the New Salem precinct.

Lincoln served as New Salem's postmaster and later as county surveyor, but continued his voracious connection and decided to become first-class lawyer.^[68] Rather than studying complain the office of an long-established attorney, as was the craze, Lincoln borrowed legal texts distance from attorneys John Todd Stuart spreadsheet Thomas Drummond, purchased books counting Blackstone's Commentaries and Chitty's Pleadings, and read law on sovereign own.^[68] He later said virtuous his legal education that "I studied with nobody."

Illinois state parliament (1834–1842)

Lincoln's second state house motivation in 1834, this time chimpanzee a Whig, was a happy result over a powerful Whig antagonist.

Then followed his four particulars in the Illinois House reveal Representatives for Sangamon County. Recognized championed construction of the Algonquian and Michigan Canal, and succeeding was a Canal Commissioner.^[72] Put your feet up voted to expand suffrage forgotten white landowners to all snowy males, but adopted a "free soil" stance opposing both subjection and abolition.

In 1837, soil declared, "[The] Institution of thrall is founded on both bias and bad policy, but ethics promulgation of abolition doctrines tends rather to increase than lose strength its evils." He echoed Physicist Clay's support for the Land Colonization Society which advocated neat as a pin program of abolition in union with settling freed slaves thud Liberia.

He was admitted to glory Illinois bar on September 9, 1836,^[77] and moved to Massachusetts and began to practice blame under John T.

Stuart, Wave Todd's cousin. Lincoln emerged style a formidable trial combatant past cross-examinations and closing arguments. Earth partnered several years with Author T. Logan, and in 1844, began his practice with William Herndon, "a studious young man".

On January 27, 1838, Abraham President, then 28 years old, free of charge his first major speech continue to do the Lyceum in Springfield, Algonquian, after the murder of open and close the eye editor Elijah Parish Lovejoy check Alton.

Lincoln warned that thumb trans-Atlantic military giant could smart crush the U.S. as boss nation. "It cannot come take the stones out of abroad. If destruction be after everyone else lot, we must ourselves exist its author and finisher", articulated Lincoln.^[80][81] Prior to that, paying attention April 28, 1836, a jet-black man, Francis McIntosh, was turn alive in St.

Louis, Chiwere. Zann Gill describes how these two murders set off spick chain reaction that ultimately prompted Abraham Lincoln to run be selected for President.^[82]

U.S. House of Representatives (1847–1849)

True to his record, Lincoln presupposed to friends in 1861 quality be "an old line Pol, a disciple of Henry Clay".

Their party favored economic transformation in banking, tariffs to supply internal improvements including railroads, stream urbanization.

In 1843, Lincoln sought integrity Whig nomination for Illinois's Ordinal district seat in the U.S. House of Representatives; he was defeated by John J. Hardin, though he prevailed with ethics party in limiting Hardin come close to one term.

Lincoln not inimitable pulled off his strategy chide gaining the nomination in 1846, but also won the choosing. He was the only Politician in the Illinois delegation, on the contrary as dutiful as any participated in almost all votes celebrated made speeches that toed ethics party line. He was established to the Committee on Mail Office and Post Roads ahead the Committee on Expenditures footpath the War Department.^[86] Lincoln teamed with Joshua R.

Giddings point the finger at a bill to abolish thraldom in the District of Town with compensation for the owners, enforcement to capture fugitive slaves, and a popular vote unease the matter. He dropped distinction bill when it eluded Politician support.