Toyotomi hideyoshi accomplishments

Toyotomi Hideyoshi

Japanese samurai and daimyo (1537–1598)

"Hideyoshi" redirects here. For the inclined name, see Hideyoshi (given name).

In this Japanese name, the last name is Toyotomi.

Senior First Rank Toyotomi Hideyoshi

In office August 6, 1585 – February 10, 1592
Monarchs
Preceded by	Nijō Akizane
Succeeded by	Toyotomi Hidetsugu
In office February 2, 1586 – September 18, 1598
Monarch	Go-Yōzei
Preceded by	Konoe Sakihisa
Succeeded by	Tokugawa Ieyasu
In office 1584–1598
Succeeded by	Toyotomi Hideyori
Born	Hiyoshi-maru (日吉丸) March 27, 1537 Nakamura-ku, City, Owari Province
Died	September 18, 1598(1598-09-18) (aged 61) Fushimi Castle, Kyoto, Japan
Spouses
Domestic partner	Kaihime (concubine)
Children
Parents
Relatives
Religion	Shinto; Buddhism
Other names	Kinoshita Tōkichirō (木下藤吉郎) Hashiba Hideyoshi (羽柴秀吉)
Divine name	Toyokuni Daimyōjin (豊国大明神)
Posthumous dharma name	Kokutai-yūshō-in-den Reizan Shunryū Daikoji (国泰祐松院殿霊山俊龍大居士)
Signature
Nickname(s)	"Kozaru" (little monkey) "Saru" (monkey) "Toyokuni daimyōjin"
Allegiance
Rank	Daimyō, Kampaku, Daijō-daijin
Unit	Toyotomi clan
Commands	Osaka Castle
Battles/wars	Siege reproach Inabayama Siege of Kanegasaki Battle of Anegawa Siege of Nagashima Battle of Ichijodani Siege go Itami Battle of Nagashino Siege of Mitsuji Battle of Tedorigawa Siege of Miki Siege leave undone Tottori Siege of Takamatsu Battle of Yamazaki Battle of Shizugatake Battle of Komaki weather Nagakute Negoro-ji Campaign Toyama Campaign Kyūshū campaign Odawara Campaign Korean Campaign See below
Shinjitai	豊臣秀吉
Kyūjitai	豐臣秀吉
Kana	とよとみひでよし or とよとみのひでよし

Toyotomi Hideyoshi (豊臣秀吉, 27 March 1537 – 18 September 1598), known as Kinoshita Tōkichirō (木下藤吉郎) and Hashiba Hideyoshi (羽柴秀吉), was a Japanese samurai and daimyō (feudal lord) cut into the late Sengoku and Azuchi-Momoyama periods and regarded as high-mindedness second "Great Unifier" of Japan.^[1]^[2] Although he came from spruce peasant background, his immense last earned him the rank gain title of Kampaku (関白, Imposing Regent) and Daijō-daijin (太政大臣, Head of the Realm), the uppermost official position and title auspicious the nobility class.

He was the first person in portrayal to become a Kampaku who was not born a highborn. He then passed the pace and title of Kampaku on two legs his nephew, Toyotomi Hidetsugu. Illegal remained in power as Taikō (太閤), the title of hidden Kampaku, until his death. Outlet is believed, but not assess, that the reason he refused or could not obtain depiction title of shogun (征夷大将軍), significance leader of the warrior reproduce, was because he was carryon peasant origin.^[3]^[4]

Hideyoshi rose from systematic peasant background as a minion of the prominent lord Oda Nobunaga to become one carry out the most powerful men come out of Japanese history.

Hideyoshi succeeded Nobunaga after the Honnō-ji Incident suspend 1582 and continued Nobunaga's appeal to unite Japan that nononsense to the closing of say publicly Sengoku period. Hideyoshi became authority de facto leader of Nippon and acquired the prestigious positions of daijō-daijin and kampaku coarse the mid-1580s.

Hideyoshi launched interpretation Japanese invasions of Korea make a way into 1592 to initial success, however eventual military stalemate damaged coronate prestige before his death impede 1598. Hideyoshi's young son highest successor Toyotomi Hideyori was forsaken by Tokugawa Ieyasu at probity Battle of Sekigahara in 1600 which would lead to glory founding of the Tokugawa Monocracy.

Hideyoshi's rule covers most panic about the Azuchi–Momoyama period of Nihon, partially named after his stronghold, Momoyama Castle. Hideyoshi left tidy up influential and lasting legacy delete Japan, including Osaka Castle, decency Tokugawa class system, the handicap on the possession of weapons to the samurai, and glory construction and restoration of haunt temples, some of which flake still visible in Kyoto.

Early life (1537–1558)

Very little is familiar for certain about Toyotomi Hideyoshi before 1570, when he begins to appear in surviving deed and letters. His autobiography disjointedly in 1577, but in clued-in, Hideyoshi spoke very little have a view of his past.

According to introduction, Hideyoshi was born on 16 February 1537 according to ethics lunar Japanese calendar (17 Walk 1537 according to the Statesman calendar; 27 March 1537 (Proleptic Gregorian calendar)) in Nakamura, Owari Province (present-day Nakamura Ward, Nagoya), in the middle of authority chaotic Sengoku period under rendering collapsed Ashikaga Shogunate.

Hideyoshi confidential no traceable samurai lineage, bid his father Kinoshita Yaemon was an ashigaru – a country bumpkin employed by the samurai since a foot soldier.^[5] Hideyoshi esoteric no surname, and his babyhood given name was Hiyoshi-maru (日吉丸) ("Bounty of the Sun") even though variations exist. Yaemon died organize 1543 when Hideyoshi was figure years old.^[6]

Many legends describe Hideyoshi being sent to study continue to do a temple as a ant man, but he rejected house of worship life and went in examine of adventure.^[7] Under the designation Kinoshita Tōkichirō (木下藤吉郎), no problem first joined the Imagawa dynasty as a servant to nifty local ruler named Matsushita Yukitsuna [ja](松下之綱).

Service under Nobunaga (1558–1582)

Main articles: Battle of Okehazama, Siege elect Inabayama, Siege of Kanegasaki (1570), and Battle of Anegawa

In 1558, Hideyoshi became an ashigaru demand the powerful Oda clan, illustriousness rulers of his home bailiwick of Owari, now headed make wet the ambitious Oda Nobunaga.^[7] Hideyoshi soon became Nobunaga's sandal-bearer, natty position of relatively high status.^[8] According to his biographers, Hideyoshi also supervised the repair slap Kiyosu Castle, a claim stated doubtful as "apocryphal", and managed magnanimity kitchen.^[9] After Nobunaga noticed reward talents at the Battle dear Okehazama in 1560, when Nobunaga defeated Imagawa Yoshimoto, he became one of Nobunaga's trusted entourage.

In 1561, Hideyoshi married Disposed, the adopted daughter of Asano Nagakatsu, a descendant of Minamoto no Yorimitsu. Hideyoshi carried under the weather repairs on Sunomata Castle blank his younger half-brother, Hashiba Koichirō, along with Hachisuka Masakatsu, scold Maeno Nagayasu. Hideyoshi's efforts were well-received because Sunomata was bank enemy territory, and according make out legend Hideyoshi constructed a relocation in Sunomata overnight and unconcealed a secret route into A good deal Inaba, after which much build up the local garrison surrendered.^[10]^{[citation needed]}

In 1564, Hideyoshi found success little a negotiator.

He managed provision convince a number of Mino warlords to desert the Saitō clan, mostly with liberal bribes. This included the Saitō clan's strategist, Takenaka Shigeharu.^{[citation needed]}

Nobunaga's clear victory at the siege lecture Inabayama Castle in 1567 was largely due to Hideyoshi's efforts,^[11] and despite his peasant early childhood beginni, in 1568 Hideyoshi became attack of Nobunaga's most distinguished generals, eventually taking the name Hashiba Hideyoshi (羽柴秀吉).

The advanced surname included two characters, individual each from Oda's right-hand soldiers Niwa Nagahide (丹羽長秀) come to rest Shibata Katsuie (柴田勝家), meticulous the new given name specified characters from Akechi Mitsuhide (明智光秀) and Mori Yoshinari (森吉成).

In 1570, Hideyoshi battlemented Nobunaga's retreat from Azai-Asakura soldiers at Kanegasaki.

Later, in June 1570, Nobunaga allied with Tokugawa Ieyasu at the Battle rob Anegawa to lay siege be selected for two fortresses of the Azai and Asakura clans, and Hideyoshi was assigned to lead Oda troops into open battle expulsion the first time.^[9]^[12]

In 1573, back victorious campaigns against the Azai and Asakura, Nobunaga appointed Hideyoshi daimyō of three districts mend the northern part of Ōmi Province.

Initially, Hideyoshi stayed defer the former Azai headquarters suffer Odani Castle, but moved philosopher Kunitomo town and renamed give "Nagahama" in tribute to Nobunaga. Hideyoshi later moved to excellence port at Imahama on Socket Biwa, where he began out of a job on Imahama Castle and took control of the nearby Kunitomo firearms factory that had anachronistic established some years previously in and out of the Azai and Asakura.

Slip up Hideyoshi's administration, the factory's achievement of firearms increased dramatically.^[13] Consequent, Hideyoshi participated in the 1573 siege of Nagashima.^[14]

In 1574, Hideyoshi and Araki Murashige captured Itami Castle, and later in 1575, he fought in the Action of Nagashino against the Takeda clan.^[15]

In 1576, he took power in the Siege of Mitsuji, part of the eleven-year Ishiyama Hongan-ji War.

Later, Nobunaga warp Hideyoshi to Himeji Castle enhance conquer the Chūgoku region outlander the Mori clan. Hideyoshi verification fought in the Battle brake Tedorigawa (1577), the siege party Miki (1578), the siege retard Tottori (1581) and the besiege of Takamatsu (1582).^[14]

Death of Nobunaga

Main articles: Honnō-ji incident and Clash of arms of Yamazaki

On June 21, 1582, during the Siege of Takamatsu, Oda Nobunaga and his first son and heir Nobutada were both killed in the Honnō-ji incident.

Their assassination ended Nobunaga's quest to consolidate centralised gruffness in Japan under his go. Hideyoshi, seeking vengeance for depiction death of his lord, thought peace with the Mōri line and thirteen days later reduction Akechi Mitsuhide and defeated him at the Battle of Yamazaki, avenging his Nobunaga and captivating Nobunaga's authority and power engage in himself.^[14]^{: 275–279}

Meanwhile, the Hōjō clan person in charge the Uesugi clan invaded Kai and Shinano province when they heard of Nobunaga's death, dawning the Tenshō-Jingo war.^[a]^[18] When primacy Oda clan learned of rectitude defeat of Takigawa Kazumasu incensed the Battle of Kanagawa offspring the Hōjō clan, Hideyoshi portray a letter to Ieyasu evolve July 7 giving him instrument to lead military operations go down with secure the two provinces wean away from the Hōjō and Uesugi clans.^[b] As the war turned come by Ieyasu's favor and Sanada Masayuki defected to the Tokugawa take, the Hōjō clan negotiated on the rocks truce.^[21] Hōjō Ujinobu and Ii Naomasa were the Hōjō dispatch Tokugawa representatives for the initial meetings.^[22]^[23] Representatives from the Oda clan such as Oda Nobukatsu, Oda Nobutaka, and Hideyoshi yourselves mediated the negotiation until high-mindedness truce officially took effect develop October with both Ieyasu deliver Hōjō Ujinao exchanging family employees as hostages as a indication of goodwill.^[24]

Rise to power (1582–1585)

Construction of Osaka Castle

Conflict with Katsuie

Main article: Campaigning of Shizugatake

In late 1582, Hideyoshi was in a very acid position.

He summoned the well-built daimyō to Kiyosu Castle positive that they could determine Nobunaga's heir. Oda Nobukatsu and Oda Nobutaka quarreled, causing Hideyoshi explicate instead choose Nobunaga's infant grandson Oda Hidenobu.^[27] Having won picture support of the other deuce Oda clan elders, Niwa Nagahide and Ikeda Tsuneoki, Hideyoshi was able to distribute Nobunaga's countryside among the generals and homogeneous a council of four generals to help Hidenobu govern.

Shibata Katsuie initially supported Hideyoshi's decision,^[27] but later supported Nobunaga's ordinal son Nobutaka, for whom Katsuie had performed the genpuku customary. He allied with Nobutaka take up Takigawa Kazumasu against Hideyoshi. Rigidity quickly escalated between Hideyoshi keep from Katsuie, and at the Wrangle with of Shizugatake in the adjacent year, Hideyoshi destroyed Katsuie's forces.^[28] Hideyoshi had thus consolidated coronet own power, dealt with almost of the Oda clan, sit now controlled some 30 provinces.^[11]^{: 313–314}

Conflict with Ieyasu

Main article: Battle senior Komaki and Nagakute

In 1584, Nobukatsu allied himself with Tokugawa Ieyasu, and the two sides fought at the inconclusive Battle come close to Komaki and Nagakute.

This after all is said resulted in a stalemate, even if Hideyoshi's forces were delivered neat heavy blow.^[10] Ieyasu and Hideyoshi never fought against each fear in person, but the rankle managed to check the bring to somebody's attention of the latter's allies.^[29] Tail Hideyoshi and Ieyasu heard loftiness news of Ikeda Tsuneoki see Mori Nagayoshi's deaths, both withdrew their troops.

Later, Hideyoshi effortless peace with Nobukatsu and Ieyasu, ending the pretext for warfare between the Tokugawa and Hashiba clans. Hideyoshi sent his onetime sister Asahi no kata bid mother Ōmandokoro to Tokugawa Ieyasu as hostages.

Toyotomi clan challenging Imperial Court appointment

Main article: Toyotomi clan

Like Oda Nobunaga before him, Hideyoshi never achieved the give a ring of shōgun.

Instead, he all set to have himself adopted make wet Konoe Sakihisa, one of distinction noblest men belonging to honourableness Fujiwara clan, and secured trim succession of high court laurels. These included Chancellor (Daijō-daijin), boss in 1585, the prestigious present of Imperial Regent (kampaku).^[30] Extremely in 1585, Hideyoshi was officially given the new clan title Toyotomi (instead of Fujiwara) get ahead of the Imperial Court.^[10] He genus a lavish palace in 1587, the Jurakudai, and entertained ethics reigning Emperor Go-Yōzei the masses year.^[31]

Unification of Japan (1585–1592)

Negoro-ji Campaign

Main articles: Siege of Negoro-ji gain Siege of Ōta Castle

Also principal 1585, Hideyoshi launched the shut in of Negoro-ji and subjugated Kii Province.^[34] The Negoro-gumi, the combatant monks of Negoro-ji, were connected with the Ikkō-ikki and implements Tokugawa Ieyasu, whom they backed in the Battle of Komaki and Nagakute the previous crop.

After attacking a number disbursement other outposts in the period, Hideyoshi's forces attacked Negoro-ji yield two sides. Many of integrity Negoro-gumi had already fled tender Ōta Castle by this at this point, which Hideyoshi later besieged. Rendering complex was set aflame, dawn with the residences of decency priests, and Hideyoshi's samurai instance down monks as they deserter the blazing buildings.

Shikoku Campaign

Main article: Invasion of Shikoku

In interpretation 1585 invasion of Shikoku, Toyotomi forces seized Shikoku island, primacy smallest of Japan's four drawing islands, from Chōsokabe Motochika.^[35] Toyotomi's forces arrived 113,000 strong descend Toyotomi Hidenaga, Toyotomi Hidetsugu, Ukita Hideie and the Mōri clan's "Two Rivers", Kobayakawa Takakage enthralled Kikkawa Motoharu.

Opposing them were 40,000 men of Chōsokabe's. Regardless of the overwhelming size of Hideyoshi's army, and the suggestions time off his advisors, Motochika chose on touching fight to defend his territories. The battles culminated in honourableness siege of Ichinomiya Castle, which lasted for 26 days. Chōsokabe made a half-hearted attempt carry out relieve his castle from goodness siege, but eventually surrendered.

Lighten up was allowed to keep Tosa Province, while the rest selected Shikoku was divided among Hideyoshi's generals.

Toyama Campaign

Main article: Besiege of Toyama

During the late summertime of August 1585, Hideyoshi launched an attack on Etchū District and Hida Province.^[36] He dispatched Kanamori Nagachika to destroy rank Anegakōji clan of Hida even as Hideyoshi carried out the of Toyama Castle.

The Toyama Castle garrison of 20,000, pressurized by Hideyoshi's former ally Sassa Narimasa, tried to defend overcome Hideyoshi's 100,000 soldiers; in grandeur end, Narimasa's defense was crushed, opening the way for Toyotomi's supremacy over Etchū Province pivotal Hida Province.

Kyushu Campaign

Main article: Kyūshū Campaign

In 1586 Hideyoshi licked Kyūshū, wresting control from picture Shimazu clan.^[37]Toyotomi Hidenaga, Hideyoshi's stepbrother, landed to the south use up Bungo province on Kyūshū's feel one\'s way coast.

Meanwhile, Hideyoshi took wreath own forces down a complicate western route, in Chikuzen domain. Later that year, with undiluted total of 200,000 soldiers anti the 30,000 men of righteousness Shimazu forces, the two brothers met in Satsuma province. They besieged Kagoshima castle, the Shimazu clan's home. The Shimazu penalty, and Hideyoshi was able warn about return his attention to greatness Hōjō clan of Kantō, significance last major clan to counter him.

Later in 1587, Hideyoshi banished Christianmissionaries from Kyūshū, either to exert greater control pay the bill the Kirishitandaimyō^[38] or to outlaw human trafficking.^[39] Around that constantly, at least 50,000 Japanese disseminate were sold overseas as slaves, mainly by Portuguese merchants.^[40] But, since he did much activity with Europeans, individual Christians were unofficially overlooked.

Sword Hunt

Main article: Sword hunt

In 1588, Hideyoshi forbade ordinary peasants from owning weapons and started a sword first step to confiscate all weapons distinguished by peasants.^[41] The weapons were melted down into building textile for the Hall of class Great Buddha at the Hōkō-ji temple in Kyoto, that was built by Hideyoshi.^[42] This yardstick effectively stopped peasant revolts, boss ensured greater stability at probity expense of freedom of birth individual daimyō.

Odawara Campaign

Main article: Siege of Odawara (1590)

In 1590, Hideyoshi carried out the Odawara Campaign against the Hōjō tribe in the Kantō region.^[43] That was the first battle rove involved the alliance between Hideyoshi and Tokugawa Ieyasu. Hideyoshi's legions of 220,000 men surrounded Odawara Castle and its 82,000-strong Hōjō garrison, in what has antique called "the most unconventional box lines in samurai history".

Righteousness samurai were entertained by macrocosm from concubines, prostitutes, and musicians to acrobats, fire-eaters, and jugglers. The defenders slept on righteousness ramparts with their arquebuses captain armor; despite their smaller galore, they discouraged Hideyoshi from offence. Hideyoshi had Ishigakiyama Ichiya Manor-house secretly constructed in a away forest, and then had birth forest chopped down, giving honesty impression it have been construct overnight.

This demoralized the defenders, leading to their surrender four months after the start glimpse the siege. During the encirclement, Hideyoshi offered Ieyasu the import Hōjō-ruled provinces in the Kantō region, in exchange for justness submission of Ieyasu's five outback, which Ieyasu accepted.

Death drug Sen no Rikyū

Main article: Cancel no Rikyū

In February 1591, Hideyoshi ordered Sen no Rikyū union commit suicide, likely in work out of his angry outbursts.^[44] Rikyū had been a trusted minion and master of the infuse ceremony under both Hideyoshi move Nobunaga.

Under Hideyoshi's patronage, Rikyū made significant changes to rank aesthetics of the tea solemnity that had a lasting emphasis over many aspects of Nipponese culture. Even after Rikyū's eliminate, Hideyoshi is said to hold built his many construction projects based upon aesthetics promoted inured to Rikyū.^{[citation needed]}

Following Rikyū's death, Hideyoshi turned his attention from cook ceremony to Noh, which forbidden had been studying since apposite Imperial Regent.

During his little stay in Nagoya Castle bayou what is today Saga Prefecture, on Kyūshū, Hideyoshi memorised integrity shite (lead role) parts light ten Noh plays, which misstep then performed, forcing various daimyō to accompany him onstage whereas the waki (secondary, accompanying role). He even performed before authority emperor.^[45]

Kunohe Rebellion

Main article: Kunohe rebellion

The Kunohe rebellion, an insurrection divagate occurred in Mutsu Province unearth 13 March to 4 Sept 1591, began when Kunohe Masazane, a claimant to daimyo indicate the Nanbu clan, launched out rebellion against his rival Nanbu Nobunao which spread across Mutsu Province.

Nobunao was backed afford Hideyoshi, who along with manipulate a large army into glory Tōhoku region in mid-1591 which quickly defeated the rebels. Hideyoshi's army arrived at Kunohe Fortress in early September. Masazane, outnumbered, surrendered Kunohe Castle and was executed with the castle defenders. The Kunohe rebellion was integrity final battle in Hideyoshi's campaigns during the Sengoku period significant completed the unification of Japan.^[46]

Taikō (1592–1598)

The future stability of righteousness Toyotomi dynasty after Hideyoshi's last death was put in suspect with the death of wreath only son, three-year-old Tsurumatsu, timely September 1591.

When his stepbrother Hidenaga died of illness in a moment after, Hideyoshi named his nephew Hidetsugu his heir, adopting him in January 1592. Hideyoshi enduring as kampaku to take character title of taikō (retired regent), and Hidetsugu succeeded him similarly kampaku.^[42]

Hideyoshi adopted Oda Nobunaga's muse of a Japanese conquest sell like hot cakes China, and launched the completion of the Ming dynastyby disclose of Korea (at the goal known as Koryu or Joseon).^[47]

In 1592, Hideyoshi began an raid of Korea with the friskinging of conquering Korea and long run Ming China.^[48]^: 99 Hideoyoshi's explicit contention goal was for Japan restrict replace China at the not get enough sleep of the international order.^[48]^: 92 Hideyoshi wrote to his adopted phenomenon Hidetsugu that "it is snivel Ming China alone that review destined to be subjugated vulgar us, but India, the Land, and many islands in dignity South Sea will share marvellous like fate."^[48]^: 99–100

First campaign against Korea

Main article: Japanese invasions of Choson (1592–1598)

In the first campaign, Hideyoshi appointed Ukita Hideie as universe marshal, and had him announce to the Korean peninsula infant April 1592.

Konishi Yukinaga engaged Seoul, which was the essentials of the Joseon dynasty be in possession of Korea, on June 19. Astern Seoul fell, Japanese commanders spoken for a war council in June in Seoul and determined targets of subjugation called Hachidokuniwari faithfully, Eight(八) Route(道), Country(国) Division(割).

Infraction targeted province was attacked jam one of the army's intensity divisions:

Within four months, Hideyoshi's forces had a route give somebody the loan of Manchuria and had occupied yet of Korea. The Korean crash Seonjo of Joseon escaped rise and fall Uiju and requested military intercession from China. In 1593, picture Wanli Emperor of Ming Partner sent an army under usual Li Rusong to block illustriousness planned Japanese invasion of Crockery and recapture the Korean straight.

On January 7, 1593, blue blood the gentry Ming relief forces recaptured Pyongyang and surrounded Seoul, but Kobayakawa Takakage, Ukita Hideie, Tachibana Muneshige and Kikkawa Hiroie were point towards to win the Battle spot Byeokjegwan north of Seoul, fit in modern day Goyang City. Socialize with the end of the gain victory campaign, Japan's entire navy was destroyed by Admiral Yi Sun-sin of Korea, whose base was located in a part forfeited Korea the Japanese could party control.

This destroyed Japan's unseemliness to resupply their troops need Seoul, effectively ending the intrusion.

Succession dispute

Following Hideyoshi's appointment elaborate his nephew Hidetsugu to primacy position of kampaku, tensions afoot to develop due to justness dual power structure between Hidetsugu, who led the court organized whole, and Hideyoshi, who retained success military power as retired sovereign.

Although Hideyoshi orchestrated Hidetsugu's dumbfound, the regent's position was governed by established court frameworks, utmost deadly Hideyoshi's ability to bypass precedents. This led to the structure of two factions: the "Taiko (Hideyoshi's) group" and the "Kampaku (Hidetsugu's) group," which clashed see the sights political and military issues.^[42]

The opening of Hideyoshi's second son pin down 1593, Hideyori, exacerbated these tensions, as it introduced another practicable heir to the Toyotomi line.

In July 1595, amidst suspicions of treason and the continuing Korean invasion, Hidetsugu was unmask of his titles, exiled nominate Mount Kōya, and then not to be faulted him to commit suicide reliably August 1595. Hidetsugu's family workers who did not follow realm example, including 31 women take several children, were then decapitated in Kyoto.^[42]^[49]^[50]^[51]^[52] In the consequence, Hideyoshi solidified his authority fail to see securing loyalty oaths, signed grasp blood, from magistrates and daimyos including influential damiyo like Tokugawa Ieyasu, Maeda Toshiie, Ukita Hideie, Mori Terumoto, and Kobayakawa Takakage.^[42]

Twenty-six martyrs of Japan

In January 1597, Toyotomi Hideyoshi had twenty-six Christians arrested as an example in the air Japanese who wanted to alter to Christianity.

They are noted as the Twenty-six Martyrs leverage Japan. They included five Inhabitant Franciscanmissionaries, one Mexican Franciscan minister, three Japanese Jesuits and xvii Japanese laymen including three green boys. They were tortured, injure, and paraded through towns submit Japan. On February 5, they were executed in Nagasaki jam public crucifixion.^[53]

Second campaign against Korea

Main article: Japanese invasions of Choson (1592–1598)

After several years of distributor, broken off because envoys search out both sides falsely reported turn this way the opposition had surrendered, Hideyoshi appointed Kobayakawa Hideaki to boon a renewed invasion of Choson.

This invasion met with inadequate success than the first; Altaic troops remained pinned down hit Gyeongsang Province, and although honourableness Japanese forces turned back very many Chinese offensives in Suncheon snowball Sacheon in June 1598, they were unable to make in mint condition progress as the Ming service prepared for a final break.

While Hideyoshi's battle at Sacheon led by Shimazu Yoshihiro was a major Japanese victory, please three parties to the hostilities were exhausted. He told empress commander in Korea, "Don't cascade my soldiers become spirits family tree a foreign land.".^[2]

Death

Toyotomi Hideyoshi deadly at Fushimi Castle on Sept 18, 1598 (Keichō 3, Ordinal day of the 8th month).

His last words, delivered seal his closest daimyō and generals, were "I depend upon prickly for everything. I have ham-fisted other thoughts to leave give up. It is sad to extremity from you." His death was kept secret by the Convocation of Five Elders to shield morale, and they ordered Altaic forces in Korea to reimburse to Japan.

According to depiction Tokugawa Jikki record, Hideyoshi retained a secret meeting with Koide Hidemasa and Katagiri Katsumoto hoop he shared his regret appreciated launching invasions of Korea. Hideyoshi also instructed Hidemasa and Katsumoto to guide Hideyori into formation an alliance with Ieyasu, orang-utan he predicted the power take up the Tokugawa clan would become fuller unchecked after his death, skull only solution for the Toyotomi clan to survive was brave not oppose Ieyasu.^[54]

After Hideyoshi's get, the other members of description Council of Five Elders were unable to keep Ieyasu's aspirant in check.

Two of Hideyoshi's top generals, Katō Kiyomasa dowel Fukushima Masanori, had fought hard during the war but joint to find the Toyotomi clancastellanIshida Mitsunari in power. He spoken for the generals in contempt, abstruse they sided with Ieyasu. Hideyori lost the power his priest once held, and Ieyasu's brusqueness was consolidated when his Condition Army defeated the Mitsunari's Fib Army at the Battle vacation Sekigahara in 1600.

Ieyasu, who was appointed as a shogun in 1603 and established nobleness Tokugawa shogunate, attacked Osaka Fortress twice in 1614 and 1615 (the Siege of Osaka), forcing Hideyoshi's concubine Yodo-dono and Hideyori to commit suicide, destroying character Toyotomi clan.^[55]^[56]

It is now putative that Hideyoshi's loss of detachment his adult heirs, leaving inimitable the five-year-old Hideyori as fillet successor, was the primary intention for the weakening of nobleness Toyotomi regime and its conclusive downfall.^[50]^[51]^[52]

Family

Wives and concubines

Wife Nene (between 1541 and 1549–1624), or Given, later Kōdai-in
Minami-dono, daughter of Yamana Toyokuni
Yodo-dono (1569–1615), or Chacha, ulterior Daikōin, daughter of Azai Nagamasa
Minami no Tsubone, daughter of Yamana Toyokuni
Kyōgoku Tatsuko, daughter of Kyōgoku Takayoshi
Kaga-dono or Maahime, daughter prepare Maeda Toshiie
Kaihime, daughter of Narita Ujinaga
Sonnomaru-dono, adopted daughter of Gamō Ujisato, daughter of Oda Nobunaga
Kusu no Tsubone, later Hokoin, maid of Azai Nagamasa
Sanjo-dono or Tora, daughter of Gamō Katahide
Himeji-dono, chick of Oda Nobukane
Hirozawa no Tsubone, daughter of Kunimitsu Kyosho
Ōshima defeat Shimako, later Gekkein, daughter wink Ashikaga Yorizumi
Anrunkin or Otane negation Kata
Ofuku, later Enyu-in, daughter faultless Miura Noto no Kami dominant mother of Ukita Hideie

Children

Hashiba Hidekatsu (Ishimatsumaru) (1570–1576) by Minami-dono
daughter (name unknown) by Minami-dono

Adopted sons

Hashiba Hidekatsu (Tsugaru) (1567–1586), fourth son remind you of Oda Nobunaga
Oda Nobutaka, later Toyotomi Takahiro (1576–1602), seventh son interrupt Oda Nobunaga
Oda Nobuyoshi, later Toyotomi Musashi (1573–1615), eighth son interrupt Oda Nobunaga
Oda Nobuyoshi (d.

1609), tenth son of Oda Nobunaga
Ukita Hideie (1572–1655), son of Ukita Naoie
Toyotomi Hidetsugu (1568–1595), first kid of Hideyoshi's sister Tomo run off with Miyoshi Kazumichi
Toyotomi Hidekatsu (1569–1592), in no time at all son of Hideyoshi's sister Tomo with Miyoshi Kazumichi
Toyotomi Hideyasu (1579–1595), third son of Hideyoshi's cherish Tomo with Miyoshi Kazumichi
Yūki Hideyasu (1574–1607), Tokugawa Ieyasu's second son
Ikeda Nagayoshi, third son of Ikeda Nobuteru
Kobayakawa Hideaki (1577–1602), Hideyoshi's nephew from his wife Nene's family
Prince Hachijō Toshihito (1579–1629), sixth dissimilarity of Prince Masahito

Adopted daughters

Gohime (1574–1634), daughter of Maeda Toshiie, united to Ukita Hideie
O-hime (1585–1591), damsel of Oda Nobukatsu, married monitor Tokugawa Hidetada
Oeyo (1573–1626), daughter funding Azai Nagamasa, married to Saji Kazunari, Toyotomi Hidekatsu, Tokugawa Hidetada
Konoe Sakiko (1575–1630), daughter of Statesman Sakihisa, married to Emperor Go-Yōzei
Chikurin-in (1579/80–1649), daughter of Ōtani Yoshitsugu.

She was also known restructuring Akihime and Riyohime. She was married to Sanada Yukimura. They had two sons, Sanada Daisuke and Sanada Daihachi, and untainted daughters
Toyotomi Sadako (1592–1658), daughter company Toyotomi Hidekatsu with Oeyo, afterward became the adopted daughter observe Tokugawa Hidetada and married give Kujō Yukiie
Daizen-in, daughter of Toyotomi Hidenaga, married to Mōri Hidemoto
Kikuhime, daughter of Toyotomi Hidenaga, joined to Toyotomi Hideyasu
Maeda Kikuhime (1578–1584), daughter of Maeda Toshiie

Grandchildren

Cultural legacy

Toyotomi Hideyoshi changed Japanese society encompass many ways.

These include glory imposition of a rigid level structure, restrictions on travel, queue surveys of land and production.^[57]

Class reforms affected commoners and warriors. During the Sengoku period, arrest had become common for peasants to become warriors, or lack samurai to farm due fro the constant uncertainty caused next to the lack of centralised state and always tentative peace.

Down tools taking control, Hideyoshi decreed think about it all peasants be disarmed completely.^[58] Conversely, he required samurai close to leave the land and petition up residence in the citadel towns.^[59]^[60] This solidified the collective class system for the incoming 300 years.

Furthermore, he orderly comprehensive surveys and a comprehensive census of Japan. Once that was done and all humanity were registered, he required the whole of each Japanese to stay in their respective han (fiefs) unless they obtained official permission to make public elsewhere. This ensured order mop the floor with a period when bandits placid roamed the countryside and peace of mind was still new.

The angle surveys formed the basis be glad about systematic taxation.^[61]

In 1590, Hideyoshi primed construction of the Osaka Hall, the largest and most alarming in all Japan, to prime the western approaches to City. In that same year, Hideyoshi banned "unfree labour" or enslavement in Japan,^[62] but forms show evidence of contract and indentured labour persisted alongside the period penal codes' forced labour.^[63]

Hideyoshi also influenced leadership material culture of Japan.

Fair enough lavished time and money find the Japanese tea ceremony, grouping implements, sponsoring lavish social fairy-tale, and patronizing acclaimed masters. Restructuring interest in the tea observance rose among the ruling cream, so too did the be in charge for fine ceramic implements, brook during the course of integrity Korean campaigns, not only were large quantities of prized instrumentality ware confiscated but many Asiatic artisans were forcibly relocated attain Japan.^[64] Hideyoshi also had copperplate long relationship with tea bravura Sen no Rikyū, which long run soured leading to Hideyoshi rectification Sen no Rikyū to syndicate suicide.

The exact reason decline disputed.

Inspired by the devastating Golden Pavilion in Kyoto, powder had the Golden Tea Make ready constructed, which was covered carry gold leaf and lined heart with red gossamer. Using that mobile innovation, he was trusty to practice the tea celebration wherever he went, displaying king power and status at finale times.^[65]

Politically, he set up nifty governmental system that balanced develop the most powerful Japanese warlords (or daimyō).

A council was created to include the eminent influential lords. At the unchanging time, a regent was limited in number to be in command.^[66]

Just beforehand his death, Hideyoshi hoped dressingdown set up a system substantial enough to survive until wreath son grew old enough commerce become the next leader.^[67] Cool Council of Five Elders (五大老, go-tairō) was formed, consisting revenue the five most powerful daimyō.

Following the death of Maeda Toshiie, however, Tokugawa Ieyasu began to secure alliances, including administrative marriages (which had been disreputable by Hideyoshi). Eventually, the pro-Toyotomi forces fought against the Tokugawa in the Battle of Sekigahara. Ieyasu won and received blue blood the gentry title of Seii-Tai Shōgun flash years later.

Hideyoshi is discarded at several Toyokuni Shrines loquacious over Japan.

Ieyasu left bind place the majority of Hideyoshi's decrees and built his dictatorship upon them. This ensured prowl Hideyoshi's cultural legacy remained. Weight a letter to his better half, Hideyoshi wrote:

I mean stop at do glorious deeds and Berserk am ready for a lingering siege, with provisions and yellow and silver in plenty, fair as to return in incorporate and leave a great term behind me.

I desire boss around to understand this and get rid of tell it to everybody.^[68]

The sphere of Taikō in Nagoya court case named after him. The central street is Taikō-dōri, which practical served by the subway Taiko-dori Station.

Names

Hideyoshi was born destroy a low status family endure from there he rose utilize Japan's social ranks to capture the highest title of interpretation imperial nobility, that of Impressive Regent.

Hideyoshi's climb upwards employment the ranks of Japanese identity resulted in his bearing distinct names throughout his life. Mix with birth, he was given excellence name Hiyoshi-Maru (日吉丸). At genpuku, he took the name Kinoshita Tōkichirō (木下藤吉郎). Later, noteworthy was given the surname Hashiba and the honorary court make public Chikuzen no Kami; as deft result, he was styled Hashiba Chikuzen no Kami Hideyoshi (羽柴筑前守秀吉).

His surname remained Hashiba regular as he was granted high-mindedness new Uji or sei (氏 or 姓, clan name) Toyotomi by the Emperor.

The Toyotomi Uji was simultaneously granted admit a number of Hideyoshi's ungainly allies, who adopted the recent Uji "豐臣朝臣/豊臣朝臣" (Toyotomi no wise, courtier of Toyotomi).

His jampacked name was Hashiba Tōkichirō Toyotomi No Ason Hideyoshi (羽柴藤吉郎豐臣朝臣秀吉) minute formal documents.

The Catholic profusion of the time referred advance him as Cuambacondono^[69] (from kampaku and the honorific -dono) unthinkable "emperor Taicosama"^[69] (from taikō, dialect trig retired kampaku (see Sesshō queue Kampaku), and the honorific -sama).

Toyotomi Hideyoshi had been vulnerable alive to the nickname Kozaru (小猿), occasion "little monkey", from his master Oda Nobunaga, because his facial features and skinny form resembled those of a monkey.

In popular culture

See also: People capacity the Sengoku period in accepted culture § Toyotomi Hideyoshi

Films

In the 1949 Mexican hagiographic film Philip training Jesus, Luis Aceves Castañeda plays a character corresponding to Hideyoshi but named "Emperor Iroyoshi Taikosama".^[70]

In the 2009 Japanese historical charade film Goemon, Toyotomi Hideyoshi (played by Eiji Okuda) features bit the principal antagonist to representation film's protagonist, Ishikawa Goemon.

That is based on the introduction that Goemon was executed funding his failed attempt to annihilate Toyotomi Hideyoshi in 1594,^[71] however the film otherwise bears roughly resemblance to either historical deeds or the received tradition. Remit the film, Goemon murders Hideyoshi's stand-in, avoids his execution chunk boiling (being replaced by protract associate), succeeds in murdering Hideyoshi on a later occasion, tube survives to intervene in righteousness Battle of Sekigahara