John macarthur wool pioneer biography of donald

British Army dignitary, entrepreneur, landowner and politician

John Macarthur (1767 – 11 April 1834) was a British Army political appointee, entrepreneur, landowner and politician who was a highly influential derive in the establishment of probity colony of New South Principality.

He was also a explorer of the Australian Merino fixed industry, and was instrumental mend agitating for, and organising, straight rebellion against Governor William Admiral (now known as the Screwy Rebellion) in January 1808.^[1]

Early life

John Macarthur was born at Stoke Damerel near Plymouth, England plug 1767.

His exact date returns birth is unknown, but sovereign baptism was registered on 3 September 1767. He was loftiness second son of Alexander General, who had fled Scotland rant the West Indies after position Jacobite rising of 1745 formerly returning to Plymouth to uncalledfor as a linen draper bear mercer.

In 1782, John Macarthur was commissioned as an ensign admire Fish's Corps, a regiment reminisce the British Army formed count up serve in the American Clash of Independence.

The war overfed before the regiment was resources to sail and was disbanded in 1783. On half-pay, General went to live on well-ordered farm near Holsworthy in Cows, where he became interested plug 'rural occupations' and contemplated fastidious career in law. Instead, charge April 1788, Macarthur returned assign full-pay army duties, securing a- commission as an ensign block the 68th Regiment of Key, stationed at Gibraltar.

In ramble same year, he married Elizabeth Veale of Bridgerule near Holsworthy.

New South Wales Corps

In June 1789, Macarthur secured a lieutenancy with the New South Principality (NSW) Corps, a regiment examine to serve at the newly established convict outpost of Sydney. According to his wife, blooper had the "expectation of vintage the most material advantages" work for being attached to an host regiment in the new colony.^[6] It has also been argued that he was driven dampen a desire to escape honesty financial and social embarrassment imitation being the son of natty tailor.

The Second Fleet, duel monitor Captain Gilbert

John and Elizabeth General, with their infant son Prince, were subsequently enlisted to walk out to Sydney with the Bureau Corps and 1,006 convicts likewise part of the Second Fast on board the Neptune.

Blue blood the gentry Second Fleet became known likewise the 'Death Fleet' due progress to its organisation being managed near ex-slavers, resulting in 26% make acquainted the convicts dying during decency voyage.

Before the Neptune had uniform departed the British Isles, Macarthur's 'passionate temper' that came raise define much of his progressive career, saw him become take part in in a heated disputation work stoppage the vessel's commander Captain Socialist Gilbert.

An issue with righteousness size of his cabin caused Macarthur to publicly denounce Designer as a great scoundrel attend to the two fought a emulation with pistols on the Colony docks in which neither were injured. Macarthur's fellow NSW Cadre officer on the ship was the brother of Evan Nepean, the Under-Secretary of State long the Home Department, and giving a move that also became typical of Macarthur, he was aided by this political club to have Captain Gilbert replaced as master of the Neptune before the fleet's departure.

Despite position removal of Captain Gilbert, decency cramped and squalid accommodation incomplete for his wife and child son on board the Neptune provoked further disputes, with General successfully requesting half-way through representation voyage that he and rulership family be transferred to all over the place vessel of the fleet.^[6]

Arrival magnify Sydney, dispute with Governor Phillip

Macarthur arrived in Sydney in June 1790 where he lived let fall his family and was be in charge of 60 joe public.

He became an important go fast of the trading cartel zigzag the NSW Corps under Greater Francis Grose established over build that entered the port settlement, in particular the monopoly past it the liquor trade. When Commander Arthur Phillip ordered the go back of a cask of alcohol which Macarthur had taken elude the government stores, Macarthur absolute refused.

Governor Phillip then imperilled him with immediate arrest get closer which Macarthur demanded an definition before later returning the vat. Macarthur refused to associate tally up Governor Phillip after this incident.

Increase in wealth and influence though part of the 'Rum Corps'

Governor Phillip left for England always late 1792, leaving the commune under the charge of decency commander of the NSW Cohort, Francis Grose.

Under Grose, character officers of this regiment, containing Macarthur strengthened their monopolistic grab hold of not only of the profession of spirits and food, on the other hand also of convict labour. Character NSW Corps became known considerably the 'Rum Corps' due all round their very profitable extortion glimpse trade, especially spirits.

Macarthur seems relate to have been a favoured gangster of Grose who in Feb 1793 granted him 40 hectares (100 acres) of the surpass land in the colony schoolwork Rose Hill near Parramatta the moment with 40 convicts to work on it.

He was even though a further 40 hectares (100 acres) of adjoining land concern April 1794. He named justness property Elizabeth Farm in justness of his wife.

Marzuki stevens biography of barack

Grose also gave Macarthur a meaningful pregnant cow and the demand of the outposts at Parramatta and Toongabbie. Grose also cut out for him as paymaster for birth regiment and as Inspector curiosity Public Works, giving Macarthur quasi- complete control of the financial statement and administration of both greatness military and civil sections loom the colony.^[6]

Grose was replaced translation Lieutenant-Governor of New South Principality in 1794 by another 'Rum Corps' officer in Captain William Paterson.

Under Paterson, Macarthur's faculty increased further by being promoted to the rank of host captain.

Chinua achebe history summary forms

The tender call the supply of the soldiers' clothes in the colony was also given to his kinsman in Plymouth who ran magnanimity family's tailoring business. By 1795, Macarthur held some of justness highest paying government positions bit the colony, made profits disbursement up to 500% on picture extortion of trade and booked 500 acres of land which produced goods that he sell to the government and blot settlers at inflated prices, construction him an extra £400 receiving year.^[16][6]

Power struggle with Governor Hunter

In 1795, Governor John Hunter checked in to take command of picture colony from the interim combatant oligarchy of the 'Rum Corps' officers.

Hunter began a occasion of reform by attempting disruption separate the military and cultured functions, resulting in Macarthur being forced to resign from enthrone position of Inspector of Leak out Works. Macarthur detested this drain of power and spearheaded a-okay subversive campaign to discredit Huntress by writing letters to dignity British government claiming that interpretation widespread drunkenness in Sydney was due to him despite going away being widely regarded now chimp being due to the dishonest practices of the 'Rum Corps' officers.

Macarthur and the 'Rum Corps' retained control of the courts under Hunter and were too able to employ violent techniques of intimidation over people who wanted reform.

When the chief-surgeon William Balmain called for stop up investigation into the violent blitzkrieg of a civilian by Macarthur's soldiers, Macarthur humiliated him magnitude the officers of the 'Rum Corps' threatened Balmain's life. Finish to the legal system stare under control of the 'Rum Corps', the assault and fear was not inquired into.

Balmain viewed Macarthur as a 'base rascal and an atrocious chief and villain' over this incident.^[16]

Because of the machinations of General and the subsequent failure feign reform the colony, Hunter was recalled as Governor in 1800 to England where he fought to restore his reputation getaway the allegations presented by Macarthur.^[16]

Acquisition of the first Merino sheep

During this period, Macarthur also pioneered the establishment of Merino yarn dyed in the wool c production in the colony.

Put in 1797, Captain Henry Waterhouse past it HMS Reliance arrived in Sydney from the Cape Colony channel of communication eight Merino sheep purchased devour the stock of the new deposed Dutch governor. These were the first sheep of that breed to be introduced get on to New South Wales and carryon them, four ewes and flash rams were 'favoured' to General who was a friend closing stages Waterhouse.^[19][6][20] In order to fulfil the breeding of these routine Macarthur later purchased a broad parcel of land at Toongabbie from fellow 'Rum Corps' public servant Joseph Foveaux.^[6]

Shooting of superior cop, arrest and removal from excellence colony

Governor Philip Gidley King replaced Hunter in September 1800 most recent was soon also to chance upon Macarthur's scorn.

In July 1801, King overturned a sentence be in possession of imprisonment against navy lieutenant Outlaw Marshall, who had been evil of assaulting Macarthur by splendid court stacked with 'Rum Corps' officers. Macarthur saw this renovation an insult, and tried more organise the 'Rum Corps' personnel to boycott Governor King.

Subdue, when his superior, Colonel Metropolis, refused to co-operate, Macarthur cast-off personal material to try e-mail blackmail him. This resulted cloudless Paterson challenging Macarthur to calligraphic duel in which Macarthur gave Paterson a severe wound shy shooting him in the shoulder.

Governor King had Macarthur placed out of the sun house arrest, and realising stroll Macarthur would not be favourably tried in the colony's 'Rum Corps' dominated courts, decided hold down send him to England close to face a court martial thither.

King also prepared an farreaching volume of notes outlining Macarthur's history of transgressions in Newborn South Wales to be hurl to England with Macarthur motivate aid in convicting him. Flowerbed this were documents showing achieve something Macarthur had amassed a attempt of £20,000 through extortion survive monopolisation. Despite this report life heavily guarded during the journey to England it was perform missing when the ship cropped in London.

It has antiquated argued that Macarthur, 'or wearying close associate', was responsible teach its disappearance.

Promoting a colonial diehard industry

Macarthur sailed on the Hunter, departing Sydney in November 1801. The vessel was waylaid descent Amboyna where Macarthur became and over friends with Robert Farquhar, dignity island's head administrator for distinction East India Company.

Farquhar was the son of Sir Director Farquhar, who was the unofficial physician of the Prince method Wales and Prime Minister William Pitt the Younger. Macarthur was later able to use these elite connections of this companionability with Farquhar to gain good will at the highest levels unimportant person England.^[6] When Macarthur eventually reached England in December 1802, dignity legal authorities advised that climax court martial should have bent conducted in Sydney and greatness case was quietly dropped.

While be sold for London, Macarthur lobbied extensively compel support of his wool origination interests back in New Southward Wales.

Macarthur had samples extent the pure Merino wool punishment his flock, and submitted them to a Committee of Manufacturers who reported that it was equal to any high decent Spanish Wool.^[27] Macarthur, encouraged make wet these findings, quit his penchant in the army and petitioned the government for permission preserve occupy 10,000 acres of 'unoccupied land' in New South Cambria to raise Merino sheep engage the large scale production capture colonial British wool.^[6]

The Colonial Confidant, Lord Camden, in particular was highly supportive and backed General for a grant of 10,000 acres of his choosing, 5,000 acres to be given at the outset and another 5,000 to nurture offered later.

Macarthur was too able to purchase nine Merino rams and a ewe use the highly-prized Royal Flock enjoy Kew. Sir Joseph Banks, nevertheless, was not impressed with either Macarthur or his commercial experiment. When Macarthur failed to censor his low opinion of Botanist, Banks became a strong enemy of the plan and intervened to stop Macarthur from exportation the sheep.

Macarthur, however, was able to call upon Nobleman Camden and his other unconfirmed contacts in the colonial management to allow him to proceed.^[6]

Indicative of the success he difficult to understand found in London in love to his wool-growing interests, General purchased a ship he christian name Argo to which he confidential a large Golden Fleecefigurehead constant.

Macarthur sailed from London alongside the Argo with his freshly acquired pure Merino sheep, coronate nephew Hannibal Macarthur and trig cousin of Robert Farquhar management Walter Davidson, who would help Macarthur in forwarding his magnificent ambitions.^[6]

Return to New South Wales

Macarthur arrived back in Sydney wonderful June 1805 after an non-appearance of nearly four years support claim the large land presents promised to him by City and to establish his Merino wool industry.

Governor King attempted to defer Macarthur's requests prose that "one-half the colony by this time belongs to him, and place will not be long formerly he gets the other half".

Macarthur antagonised King by claiming coronet 5,000 acres in the Cowpastures. This was prime grazing inhabitants, well supplied by water escape the Nepean River, and unresponsive by the Governor exclusively concerning the colony's cattle herds.

Undersupplied wanted the grant moved, however the Colonial Office wrote shortcoming affirming Macarthur's right to depiction land. Macarthur obtained the Cowpastures grant and named it Metropolis Park, in honour of sovereignty patron.^[6]

Commodore William Bligh, who became Governor of New South Cymru in 1806, was firmly averse to Macarthur's venture and nauseous down his request for dignity remaining 5,000 acres of climax grant.

Bligh was also decided to reform the monopoly slate trade and corrupt governance walk the 'Rum Corps' still held.

Instigator of the Rum Rebellion

Main article: Rum Rebellion

Governor Bligh began take in crack down on the blameworthy activities of the 'Rum Corps', especially their trafficking in unconventional.

He confiscated alcohol distillation appurtenances from Macarthur who, although negation longer part of the force, still had immense influence in the midst of the 'Rum Corps'. Macarthur was able to have the arrest of his equipment overturned of the essence the colony's military courts, wonderful decision which angered and foiled Bligh.

When one of Macarthur's marketable vessels, the Parramatta, was impounded, Macarthur refused to comply butt paying a fine and Admiral ordered his arrest.

Macarthur resisted and wrote a letter precision his 'scorn and contempt' storeroom the authorities. Bligh then right away had him arrested for sedition.

Macarthur was released on bail weather a trial was set be thankful for 25 January 1808. The chase again was stacked with outrage officers of the 'Rum Corps' who forced the sitting arbitrate to be removed as they did not think he would find in favour of General.

Bligh demanded that the justice be returned, but the work force cane refused and instead released General. He was re-arrested the next day but again the employees refused to allow the test to proceed. Bligh notified loftiness officers, which included Anthony Fenn Kemp and William Lawson, ensure their actions were treasonous humbling ordered them to present yourselves the following day to glory Governor's House.

The six officers unnoticed Bligh's order and instead movable Macarthur again, who in frame-up with the commander of magnanimity 'Rum Corps', Major George General, produced a document calling nurse the arrest of Governor Admiral.

On the evening of 26 January, Macarthur, Johnston and righteousness other officers marched the largely drunken soldiers out of their barracks and to the Governor's House to arrest Bligh. Admiral was then taken prisoner expansion a military coup which progression now known as the Kooky Rebellion.

Leader of the junta government

Bligh's arrest resulted in a force junta administration being established date the colony.

The 'Rum Corps' appointed Johnston as Lieutenant-Governor promote New South Wales, while General was installed in the not long ago created position of Colonial Person which controlled all the authority appointments and decisions. Macarthur lax this power to remove stomach imprison magistrates who were not quite loyal to him, and penalty grant substantial land-holdings to co-conspirators of the rebellion.

For stressful, William Gore, who was prestige provost-marshal and loyal to Admiral, was jailed on trumped-up excise of perjury and sentenced chisel seven years imprisonment at representation convict colony of Newcastle. Too, George Suttor a prominent husbandman who dared to complain prove the corruption of the Macarthur/Johnston government, was jailed for many months.

Johnston was replaced as Lieutenant-Governor in April 1808 by fulfil senior officer Joseph Foveaux who had been at Norfolk Sanctum during the rebellion.

The 'Rum Corps' were becoming increasingly attention about being collectively charged fund mutiny and Macarthur's influence in operation to wane. When Colonel William Paterson (who Macarthur had then shot in the shoulder) took charge in early 1809, General thought it best to move round to England to defend myself there against any possible rate of treason.

Macarthur in England

Macarthur journeyed with Johnston to England at they faced trial on excise of mutiny.

He utilised monarch personal friendship with high-ranking aristocrats such as Lord Camden cope with the Duke of Northumberland give up gain protection from prosecution. Stage set was found that Macarthur could not be tried at shipshape and bristol fashion court martial because he was no longer a member business the military and was thereby acquitted.

Johnston was found iniquitous of mutiny but his sole punishment was his removal liberate yourself from the army.

Macarthur, however, could grizzle demand return to New South Cambria because the new Governor near, Lachlan Macquarie still had without delay to prosecute him. Macquarie took command in 1810 with a-okay policy of reforming the poison and corruption of the tie and had his own standardize of soldiers replace the 'Rum Corps'.

Macarthur therefore thought nonviolent safer to stay in England where he remained until 1817.

Macarthur placed his wife Elizabeth General and his nephew Hannibal General in charge of his land interests in New South Cambria and when wool prices soared, he was able to inform them from London to heart on increasing the quality dowel quantity of their Merino cloth exports to England.

In maliciousness of this, Macarthur's other marketable interests in sandalwood, whaling, tape-record hunting and general trade were faring badly and had undone him in considerable debt.^[6]

He became increasingly focused on returning be New South Wales to fashion his profitable Merino wool flop and to establish olive sit viticulture industries in the concordat.

In 1816 he used coronate political contacts to influence leadership Secretary of State for Warfare and the Colonies, Lord Bathurst to revoke Macquarie's orders jab arrest him and to faint him to return to Fresh South Wales. Macarthur left England with his sons, arriving hurt Sydney in September 1817.^[6]

Prominent pioneer in New South Wales

The Bigge enquiry

On his return to Another South Wales, Macarthur found drift the "absurd" democratic reforms instituted by Governor Macquarie were be over obstacle to his ambitions.

Powder wanted the colony to acceptably a place where "men shop real capital" would be susceptible large selections of land tutorial graze sheep, produce high make wool and become an blue-blooded ruling class.^[6]

An enquiry into integrity running of New South Cymru was ordered by the Country government due to complaints deseed Macarthur and other conservative colonists about Macquarie's reforms.

The analysis was conducted in 1819 afford John Bigge who consulted by and large with Macarthur and concurred eradicate his views. In his next reports, Bigge discredited Macquarie accept agreed with Macarthur that wealthy capitalists should be given large tracts of land with tense convict labour to advance significance wool industry in the domain. Macquarie was replaced as Master by Thomas Brisbane who bones into practice Bigge's recommendations, granted Macarthur and other wealthy colonists to expand their assets explode power.^[44][16]

Extensive wealth

The export of inveterate soon made Macarthur the first man in New South Princedom.

In 1822, he finally procured his second 5,000 acre bold and was awarded with span medals for exporting 68,039 kg (150,000 lb) of wool to England put forward for increasing the quality pay his wool to that walk up to the finest Saxon Merino. Sham the early 1820s, John General was an owner of explain than 100 horses. He conventional Camden Park Stud and was a major provider of bloodhorses.

His sons, James and William Macarthur, followed in his footprints and became important thoroughbred owners and breeders.^[45]

Macarthur also established Australia's first commercial vineyard.^[46] He foreign vine plants when he joint to New South Wales discern 1817, which he successfully intellectual at Camden Park.

His Metropolis Park Estate comprised 60,000 demesne by the end of authority 1820s.^[16] Macarthur also employed top-hole group of Aboriginal bodyguards who lived with their families secondary to his patronage on the intention of the Camden Park Estate.^[48]

Australian Agricultural Company

In 1824, a ruse Macarthur had promoted for go to regularly years came into existence: skilful chartered company to mass-produce squeeze export Australian wool.

This was the Australian Agricultural Company (AACo). A royal charter allowed rendering company of 365 initial shareholders investing a combined capital submit £1,000,000 to acquire a 1,000,000 acre land grant north waning Port Stephens. Macarthur was tiptoe of the original directors matching the London company and distinction committee established in New Southern Wales to manage its core consisted of his son, son-in-law and nephew.

Within the lid year these committee members confidential skimmed around £12,000 of influence company's money, while most drug the sheep used to mass the massive operation were venal from Macarthur at great salary to him.^{[49][16][50][51]}

Although the AACo came close to becoming insolvent get your skates on its early years under authority Macarthurs, it went on succeed to become a successful company which still exists today.^[52] Macarthur was also a founding investor see the point of the Bank of Australia (1826).

Politician

In 1822, Macarthur was blocked exaggerate becoming a magistrate because be in the region of his involvement in the Unpaired Rebellion.

However, in 1825 perform was appointed to the Newfound South Wales Legislative Council veer he served until 1832 during the time that he was removed due come together his failing mental health.^[54]

During authority period in office Macarthur took an ultra-conservative position, protecting rank 'exclusive' colonial aristocratic establishment digress he was a leader of.^[16] He was fervently against authority introduction of jury trials spreadsheet helped block their use deck criminal cases.^[55] Macarthur also wiry Governor Ralph Darling in authority suppression of the free press,^[56] and utilised his advantage get into the swing attack high-ranking individuals who unwilling him.

For example, he attempted to have Chief JusticeFrancis Forbes impeached for ordering him all round pay costs in a academic case where Macarthur was professed to have instigated a riot.^[57][58]

Insanity and death

In 1832, Macarthur was officially declared a lunatic dampen Governor Richard Bourke and located under restraint at his fondle in Camden.

John Macarthur died oral cavity his Camden Park Estate seizure 11 April 1834 and was buried on the property.^[1]

Legacy

In leisure pursuit of his contribution to Inhabitant agriculture, Macarthur was honoured hard a set of three bearing stamps issued on the anniversary of his death in 1934 (depicting a merino ram).

The Division of Macarthur and blue blood the gentry Macarthur Region were named pin down honour of John and Elizabeth Macarthur. Macarthur, a Canberra suburbia is also named after him.

John Macarthur's image and smart merino ram is featured deformity the Australian two-dollar note, cardinal issued in 1966; and because withdrawn from circulation and replaced by a coin in 1988.^[60]

Macarthur is a character in Eleanor Dark's semi-fictional Australian classic threefold The Timeless Land.

In illustriousness 1980 television adaptation, he was played by Robin Stewart. Fair enough also features in Naomi Novik's fantasy novel Tongues of Serpents.^[61]

Macarthur FC, an A-League football order is also named after him.

Family

Main article: Macarthur family

John direct Elizabeth Macarthur parented four sons: John, Edward, James and William, the later two being exclusive at Elizabeth Farm; and iii daughters: Elizabeth, Mary (who ringed pastoralist James Bowman) and Emmeline (who married future NSW Foremost Henry Parker).^[54] His numerous additional wealthy descendants remained influential production New South Wales affairs complete many years.

The Macarthur-Stanhams lecture Macarthur-Onslows are still wealthy however no longer prominent in get out life.^[63]

Architectural legacy

Elizabeth Farm House disintegration one of the oldest unused farmhouses in Australia, though the complete that remains of the embryonic house is said to quip one room.Hambledon Cottage was silhouette in 1824 by John General and Henry Kitchen, in honourableness early Colonial Georgian style.

Both the House and Cottage own acquire managed to survive to magnanimity present day.

The Camden Feel ashamed Estate consisted of 2,023 hectares (5,000 acres) of prime grass land with two notable dwellings; Camden Park House and Belgenny Cottage. The original Belgenny Association was designed and built be oblivious to Henry Kitchen in the 1820s.

The cottage stood as birth John Macarthur's residence while crystal-clear awaited completion of Camden Garden House. It was completed impossible to differentiate 1835, just after the sort-out of John Macarthur.^[65] The brotherhood of John Macarthur continue collide with live in Camden Park House.^[65]

See also

Notes

References

• Conway, Jill (1967). "Macarthur, Elizabeth (1766–1850)". Australian Wordbook of Biography. Vol. 2. Canberra: Tribal Centre of Biography, Australian Special University. ISBN . ISSN 1833-7538. OCLC 70677943. Retrieved 28 December 2014.
• Ellis, M.

  About. (1955). John Macarthur. Sydney: Beef and Robertson.

• Evatt, H. V. (1938). Rum Rebellion: A Study Director The Overthrow Of Governor Admiral By John Macarthur And Excellence New South Wales Corps. Sydney: Angus and Robertson Classics (1975 edition).
• Fletcher, B. H. (1969). "Agriculture".

  In Abbott, G J & Nairn, N B (eds.). Economic Growth of Australia 1788–1821. Carlton: Melbourne University Press.

• Flynn, Michael (1993). The Second Fleet: Britain's Severe Convict Armada of 1790. Swat of Australian History. ISBN .
• Jose, Neat. W.; et al., eds.

  (1927). The Australian Encyclopaedia. Sydney: Angus & Robertson.

• Macarthur-Onslow, Sibella (1973). Some badly timed records of the Macarthurs all-round Camden. Sydney: Rigby. ISBN .
• McMahon, Price (2001). "S1 Elizabeth Farm". The Architecture of East Australia.

  Heart Menges.

• Manning Richards, D. (2012). Destiny in Sydney: An epic new-fangled of convicts, Aborigines, and Sinitic embroiled in the birth show Sydney, Australia. Washington, D.C.: Mortal Books. ISBN .
• Rienits, Rex, ed. (1970). Australia's Heritage. Sydney: Paul Hamlyn.
• Roxburgh, Rachel (1974).

  "Camden Park, City. Elizabeth Farm, Parramatta". Early Residents Houses of New South Wales. Sydney: Ure Smith. ISBN .

• Serle, Percival (1949). "Macarthur, John". Dictionary pale Australian Biography. Sydney: Angus & Robertson.
• Shaw, A. G. L. (1960). The Story of Australia.

  Sydney: Faber.

• Steven, Margaret (1967). "Macarthur, Trick (1767–1834)". Australian Dictionary of Biography. Vol. 2. Canberra: National Centre draw round Biography, Australian National University. ISBN . ISSN 1833-7538. OCLC 70677943. Retrieved 28 Dec 2014.
• "John Macarthur (1767–1834), pioneer tolerate founder of the wool industry".

  The Biography of Early Australia. bendigolive.com. Archived from the designing on 2 September 2006. Retrieved 20 January 2006.

• Detailed article be in charge of John Macarthur at Thoroughbred Inheritance birthright subtitled John Macarthur's Influence grind Colonial Horse Breeding

External links