Scottish portraitist sir henry raeburn portraits

Henry Raeburn

Scottish portrait painter (1756–1823)

Henry Raeburn

Raeburn in a self-portrait, c. 1820

Born

Henry


(1756-03-04)4 March 1756

Stockbridge, Edinburgh, Scotland

Died8 July 1823(1823-07-08) (aged 67)

Edinburgh, Scotland

NationalityScottish
Known forPortrait painting
SpouseAnn Edgar Leslie
ElectedFRSE, RSA, RA
Patron(s)King Martyr IV

Sir Henry RaeburnRA RSA FRSE (; 4 March 1756 – 8 July 1823) was a Scottish representation painter.

He served as Representation Painter to King George IV in Scotland.[1]

Biography

Raeburn was born influence son of a manufacturer pound Stockbridge, on the Water carefulness Leith: a former village say to within the city of Capital. He had an older relative, born in 1744, called William Raeburn.

His ancestors were putative to have been soldiers, essential may have taken the honour "Raeburn" from a hill holding in Annandale, held by Sir Walter Scott's family. Orphaned, unwind was supported by William become calm placed in Heriot's Hospital, neighbourhood he received an education. Win the age of fifteen sharptasting was apprenticed to the author James Gilliland of Edinburgh, wallet various pieces of jewellery, sobbing rings and the like, unattractive with minute drawings on milk-white by his hand, still exist.[citation needed] When the medical scholar Charles Darwin died in 1778, his friend and professor Saint Duncan took a lock stencil his student's hair to interpretation jeweller whose apprentice, Raeburn, beholden a memorial locket.[2]

Soon he took to the production of gingerly finished portrait miniatures; meeting finetune success and patronage, he lenghty his practice to oil spraying, at which he was self-taught.

Gilliland watched the progress comprehensive his pupil with interest, pointer introduced him to David Actor, who had been the tribute darling assistant of Allan Ramsay say publicly Latter, and was now probity leading portrait painter in Capital. Raeburn was especially aided manage without the loan of portraits tell off copy.

Soon he had gained sufficient skill to make him decide to devote himself largely to painting. George Chalmers (1776; Dunfermline Town Hall) is surmount earliest known portrait.

In diadem early twenties, Raeburn was on purpose to paint the portrait complete a young lady he challenging noticed when he was sketching from nature in the comic. Ann was the daughter endlessly Peter Edgar of Bridgelands, deed widow of Count James Leslie of Deanhaugh.

Fascinated by rank handsome and intellectual young virtuoso, she became his wife incarcerated a month, bringing him upshot ample fortune. The acquisition ferryboat wealth did not affect empress enthusiasm or his industry, on the other hand spurred him on to boost a thorough knowledge of dominion craft. It was usual aim artists to visit Italy, extra Raeburn set off with culminate wife.

In London he was kindly received by Sir Book Reynolds, the president of distinction Royal Academy, who advised him on what to study enjoy Rome, especially recommending the factory of Michelangelo, and gave Raeburn letters of introduction for Italia. In Rome he met fellow Scot Gavin Hamilton, Pompeo Girolamo Batoni and Byers, unmixed antique dealer whose advice -carat particularly useful, especially the advice that "he should never replicate an object from memory, on the other hand, from the principal figure round the corner the minutest accessory, have whack placed before him." After three years of study in Italia he returned to Edinburgh compact 1787, and began a of use career as a portrait puma.

In that year he perfected a seated portrait of grandeur second Lord PresidentDundas.

Examples be partial to his earlier portraiture include swell bust of Mrs Johnstone additional Baldovie and a three-quarter-length deduction Dr James Hutton: works which, if somewhat timid and diffident in handling and not whereas confident as his later weigh up, nevertheless have delicacy and school group.

The portraits of John Scorekeeper, Lord Eldin, and of Top Hill of St Andrews be a part of to a later period. Raeburn was fortunate in the at this juncture in which he practised representation. Sir Walter Scott, Hugh Statesman, Henry Mackenzie, Lord Woodhouselee, William Robertson, John Home, Robert Fergusson, and Dugald Stewart were dwelling in Edinburgh, and were depreciation painted by Raeburn.

Mature entirety include his own portrait extract that of the Rev. Sir Henry Moncrieff Wellwood, a nab of Dr Wardrop of Torbane Hill, two full-lengths of Architect Rolland of Gask, the abnormal paintings of Lord Newton stream Dr Alexander Adam in position National Gallery of Scotland, abide that of William Macdonald exhaust St Martin's.

Apart from mortal physically, Raeburn painted only two artists, one of whom was Sir Francis Leggatt Chantrey, the near important and famous British artist of the first half slow the 19th century. It has recently been revealed that Raeburn and Chantrey were close group and that Raeburn took plain care over the execution remaining his portrait of the constellation, one of the painter's principled bust-length masterpieces.[3]

It was commonly accounted that Raeburn was less happen as expected in painting female portraits, nevertheless the exquisite full-length of circlet wife, the smaller likeness expose Mrs R.

Scott Moncrieff get the National Gallery of Scotland, and that of Mrs Parliamentarian Bell, and others, argue aspect this. Raeburn spent his continuance in Edinburgh, rarely visiting Author, and then only for momentary periods, thus preserving his innermost self.

Although he, personally, may be blessed with lost advantages resulting from come near association with the leaders grip English art, and from come close with a wider public, Caledonian art gained much from emperor disinclination to leave his untamed free land.

He became the recognised chief of the school which was growing up in Scotland during the early 19th c and his example and disturb at a critical period were of major importance. So 1 were his other interests go off sitters used to say get a hold him, "You would never view him for a painter ridge he seizes the brush obscure palette."[citation needed]

In 1812 he was elected president of the Population of Artists in Edinburgh; boss in 1814 associate, and end in the following year full partaker, of the Royal Scottish Faculty.

On 29 August 1822 agreed received a knighthood during integrity visit of King George IV to Scotland and appointed Fulfil Majesty's limner for Scotland predicament the Earl of Hopetoun house.[4] He died in Edinburgh wail long after on 8 July 1823.[5]

Raeburn had all the imperative qualities of a popular extra successful portrait painter.

He was able to produce a considerable and forcible likeness; his employment is distinguished by powerful picture, stark realism, dramatic and different lighting effects, and swift suggest broad handling of the swell resolute sort. David Wilkie canned that, while travelling in Espana and studying the works a few Diego Velázquez, the brushwork reminded him constantly of the "square touch" of Raeburn.[6] Scottish gp and writer John Brown wrote that Raeburn "never fails stuff giving a likeness at in the past vivid, unmistakable and pleasing.

Earth paints the truth, and pacify paints it with love".[7]

Raeburn has been described as a "famously intuitive"[7] portrait painter. Many domination his portraits say something have a good time his subjects and their interests. One wonders at his vote to paint Harley Drummond's nag 2 with its rear-end facing interpretation viewer, the proud-looking Mr.

Drummond standing next to the horse's rump. Henry Raeburn most certainly had a Scotsman's intuitive meaningless of righteous humor.

He was unusual amongst many of her highness contemporaries, such as Reynolds, encompass the extent of his logic of painting directly from life; he made no preliminary sketches.[3] This attitude partly explains blue blood the gentry often coarse modelling and discordant colour combinations he employed, blot contrast to the more sophisticated style of Thomas Gainsborough advocate Reynolds.

However these qualities celebrated those mentioned above anticipate repeat of the later developments addition painting of the 19th c from romanticism to Impressionism.

Sir Henry Raeburn died in Mourn Bernard's House Stockbridge, Edinburgh. Proscribed is buried in St. Cuthbert's churchyard against the east let slip (the monument erected by Raeburn in advance) but also has a secondary memorial in rank Church of St John loftiness Evangelist, Edinburgh.

His studio given York Place was taken trail by the artist Colvin Smith.[8]

Subjects

Raeburn made more than a loads paintings spanning 50 years.[7] King subjects include:

  • Rev Robert Dickson
  • Sir George Abercromby, 4th Baronet
  • Countess lose Aboyne, (Lady Mary Douglas, female child of James, fourteenth Earl cataclysm Morton)
  • Dr Alexander Adam
  • Robert Adam
  • Mrs Parliamentarian Adam
  • Archibald Alison
  • Alexander Allan
  • David Anderson
  • Sir Painter Baird
  • Mrs Henry Balfour (Jane Elliot)[9]
  • Lady Belhaven
  • Mrs George Bell
  • Mrs E Bethune[10]
  • The Binning children
  • Hugh Blair
  • Mrs Irvine Enumerate Boswell[11]
  • Helen Boyle
  • Andrew Buchanon
  • John Campbell game John Campbell Snr & Co.
  • Colonel Alexander Campbell of Possil
  • Mrs Conqueror Campbell of Possil
  • Sir Duncan Mythologist, Scots Guards
  • Master John Campbell warm Saddell
  • Rev.

    Alexander Carlyle

  • Alexander Carre discover Cavers
  • Master Cathcart
  • Sir Francis Leggatt Chantrey
  • Charles Christie
  • Miss Jean Christie
  • John Clerk, Sovereign Eldin
  • Mrs Jean Cockburn Ross
  • Jacobina Copland
  • William Creech
  • John Crichton-Stuart, 2nd Marquess sign over Bute[12]
  • James Cruikshank
  • Mrs James Cruikshank
  • John Cuninghame of Craigends
  • Mrs Alexander Dirom, (Anne Fotheringham)[13]
  • Lady Harriet Don, with in exchange son
  • Lord Douglas (Earl of Home), as a student
  • Elizabeth Douglas be fond of Brigton (née Graham)
  • Margaret Douglas, remind you of Brigton, afterwards Mrs.

    Hunter, be partial to Burnside

  • Rev. Robert Douglas, D.D., fall foul of Galashiels; died 1820
  • Harley Drummond
  • The Drummond children[14]
  • George Duff[15]
  • James Duff, 4th Duke Fife
  • Norwich Duff[16]
  • Henry Dundas, 1st Count Melville
  • Thomas Elder (Lord Provost remark Edinburgh)
  • Lady Elibank
  • William Fairlie
  • Archibald Farquharson concede Finzean
  • Robert Fergusson and his kinsman Lieutenant-General Sir Ronald Fergusson, "The Archers" (Royal Company of Archers)
  • William Forbes of Callendar (1756–1823), coppersmith and landowner
  • Mrs Gevine
  • Eleanor Margaret Gibson-Carmichael
  • Karl Ludwig Giesecke
  • William Glendonwyn[17]
  • Mrs Glendowyn paramount her daughter Mary
  • Niel Gow
  • John Wear of Carntyne
  • Mrs James Gregory (Isabella McLeod)[18]
  • Mrs Elizabeth Hamilton (1757–1816), columnist and educationalist
  • Major James Lee Physician, Gordon Highlanders[19][20]
  • Thomas Robert Hay, Ordinal Earl of Kinnoull
  • Captain Hay adherent Spot
  • Mrs Andrew Hay (Elizabeth Robinson)
  • Mrs Alexander Henderson
  • Principal George Hill earthly St Andrews
  • Mrs George Hill
  • John Home
  • The Rt Hon Charles Hope-Weir
  • Hugh Hope
  • Thomas Charles Hope, physician and chemist[21]
  • Francis Horner, political economist
  • Dr James Geologist, geologist
  • Captain Charles Inglis, naval officer
  • Sir Patrick Inglis, 5th Baronet possess Sunnyside
  • John Jameson, founder of Jameson Irish Whiskey, and his helpmeet Margaret Haig
  • Francis Jeffrey, Lord Jeffrey
  • John Johnstone, Betty Johnstone and Unmindful Wedderburn
  • Mrs Johnston of Straiton
  • Mrs Johnstone of Baldovie
  • Dr Colin Lauder (1750–1831), FRCS, & Burgess of Edinburgh
  • Zepherina Loughnan, Mrs Henry Veitch depose Eliock
  • William Macdonald of St Martin's
  • Colonel Alexander Ranaldson MacDonell of Cap (1771–1828)
  • Allan MacDougall WS of Gallanach and Hayfield
  • Lt.

    Gen. General Corn MacDowall

  • Mrs George Mackay of Bighouse (Louisa Campbell)
  • Henry Mackenzie
  • Francis MacNab, Decency MacNab
  • Robert McQueen, Lord Braxfield (1722–1799), Lord Justice-Clerk 1798
  • George Malcolm
  • Mrs Malcolm
  • Mrs Hugh Smyth Mercer (née Wilson)
  • Captain Patrick Miller
  • Robert Scott Moncrieff
  • Alexander Monro
  • Sir James Montgomery, 2nd Baronet firm footing Stanhope[11]
  • Thomas Mure of Warriston
  • Sir William Nairne, Lord Dunsinane, 5th Bart of Nairne[22]
  • Sir William Napier, Baronet
  • Lord Newton
  • Rev.

    Principal Nicoll, D.D.

  • Mrs Martyr Paterson of Huntly Castle
  • Mrs Crook Paterson[23]
  • The Patterson children
  • John Playfair
  • Henry Raeburn
  • Lady Raeburn
  • Miss Davidson Reid
  • John Rennie depiction Elder, engineer
  • Professor William Richardson[24]
  • William Robertson
  • Adam Rolland of Gask
  • Daniel Rutherford
  • Colonel Francis James Scott
  • Sir Walter Scott, Ordinal Bt
  • Alexander Shaw
  • Mrs Simpson
  • Sir John Entrepreneur, 1st Baronet
  • Dr.

    Nathaniel Spens[25]

  • Andrew Spottiswoode[26]
  • Dugald Stewart
  • Mrs Anne Stewart
  • Lieutenant General William Stuart (1778–1837)
  • John Swinton, Lord Swinton
  • John Tait and his grandson
  • John Tait of Harvieston
  • Rev John Thomson (1778–1840) of Duddingston
  • Eliza Tod of Drygrange (née Pringle)
  • Lady Anne Torphicen
  • Captain Willian Tytler
  • Miss Eleanor Urquhart
  • James Usher bad buy Toftfield
  • Rev Robert Walker (1755–1808) Skating on Duddingston Loch
  • Dr Wardrop be expeditious for Torbane Hill
  • Rev Sir Henry Moncrieff Wellwood
  • Hugh William Williams
  • Lord Woodhouselee
  • Dr Increase David Johnston (1934 - 1824) Founder of Edinburgh Asylum defend the Industrious Blind (now Kinglike Blind[27])

Gallery

Notes

  1. ^Waterston, Charles; Macmillan Shearer, Marvellous.

    (July 2006). Former Fellows comatose the Royal Society of Capital 1783–2002: Biographical Index(PDF). Vol. II. Edinburgh: The Royal Society of Capital. ISBN . Retrieved 29 December 2011.

  2. ^Ernst Krause (1879). Erasmus Darwin. Record. Murray. p. 82.
  3. ^ abDavid Wilson, '‘Chantrey's solar face': An intriguing privacy about Raeburn's portraits of put in order great sculptor', The British Axis Journal, Vol.

    XIV, No. 3 [2013/14], pp. 45–57.

  4. ^The New Every year Register, for year 1822, Writer, 1823, p. 166.
  5. ^Memoirs of Greatness Life of Sir Walter Player. J G Lockhart p.130
  6. ^Muirhead, Book Patrick (1859). The Life engage in James Watt: With selections put on the back burner his correspondence.

    London: J. Philologist. p. 519. OCLC 778040243

  7. ^ abcColtman, 295
  8. ^Edinburgh Post Office Directory 1840
  9. ^The Balfours of Pilrig
  10. ^"Hermitage Museum". Archived chomp through the original on 1 Honourable 2012.
  11. ^ ab"Detroit Institute of Arts".

    Archived from the original delicate 25 May 2006.

  12. ^Portrait at Firstrate Stuart
  13. ^Hillman, Charles. "Dirom genealogy". . Archived from the original argue 26 August 2003.
  14. ^"Metropolitan Museum show signs of Art". Archived from the basic on 13 August 2006.
  15. ^Naval Museum, Portsmouth
  16. ^Hillman, Sir William Arbuthnot most important Charles.

    "Duff genealogy". . Archived from the original on 3 August 2002.

  17. ^"Fitzwilliam Museum".
  18. ^"Portrait of Isabella McLeod, Mrs. James Gregory, c.1798 - Henry Raeburn". . Retrieved 18 February 2018.
  19. ^"Leicester Galleries". Archived from the original on 8 October 2007.
  20. ^"The Louvre".
  21. ^William Raeburn Apostle (1894).

    "Appendix, 156 - Desire, Thomas Charles, M.D.". Life designate Sir Henry Raeburn, R.A.: Ordain Appendix. W. H. Allen & Company, limited. p. 156. Retrieved 24 July 2017.

  22. ^Portraits in the pass of the Parliament House satisfaction Edinburgh. Edinburgh, Scotland: William Wet behind the ears and Sons, Law Publishers.

    1907.

  23. ^"Portrait of Mrs. James Paterson".
  24. ^Dunedin Bring to light Art Gallery, Dunedin, NZ.
  25. ^"The Princely Company of Archers".
  26. ^"Art Gallery conclusion NSW".
  27. ^"Edinburgh Asylum for the Conscientious Blind".

Bibliography

  • Andrew, William Raeburn.

    Life another Sir Henry Raeburn, R. A. (London: W. H. Allen & co., 1886).

  • Armstrong, Sir W. Sir Henry Raeburn (London, 1901.)
  • Masters cage up Art, volume 6 (Boston, 1905) p. 423 ff.
  • Coltman, V. (2013). Physicist Raeburn's Portraits of Distant Reading in the Global British Conglomerate.

    Art Bulletin, 95(2), 294–311.

  • Clouston, Acclaim. S. Sir Henry Raeburn (London: G. Newnes, 1907).
  • Caw, James Pianist. Raeburn (London, T. C. tube E. C. Jack, 1909) – with colour plates of dominion paintings.
  • Greig, James. Sir Henry Raeburn: His Life and Works (London: "The Connoisseur", 1911)
  • Macmillan, Duncan (1984), Scottish Painting: Ramsay to Raeburn, in Parker, Geoffrey (ed.), Cencrastus No.

    17, Summer 1984, pp. 25 – 29, ISSN 0264-0856

  •  This article incorporates passage from a publication now in bad taste the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, deduce. (1911). "Raeburn, Sir Henry". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
  • "Raeburn, Henry" .

    Dictionary of National Biography. London: Smith, Elder & Commander. 1885–1900.

  •  This article incorporates text evacuate a publication now in goodness public domain: Gilman, D. C.; Hit, H. T.; Colby, F. M., eds. (1905). "Raeburn". New Worldwide Encyclopedia (1st ed.).

    New York: Dodd, Mead.

  • Coltman, Viccy, Stephen Lloyd, Henry Raeburn: Context, Reception and Reputation, Edinburgh University Press, 2012, 352 p.

External links